Ancient Philosophy ※
Pre-Socratic Thinkers
Thales, Heraclitus, Parmenides, and the origins of Western philosophy exploring cosmology, metaphysics, and the nature of reality.
Plato's Dialogues & Theory of Forms
Complete works including the Republic, Symposium, and Phaedo with analysis of the eternal Forms and political philosophy.
Aristotle's System
Logic, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and natural philosophy—the foundation of systematic Western thought.
Epistemology & Logic ※
Theory of Knowledge
What is knowledge? Rationalism versus empiricism, skepticism, justification, and the Gettier problem.
Formal Logic & Critical Reasoning
Propositional and predicate logic, validity, soundness, fallacies, and argumentation theory with practical exercises.
Philosophy of Science
Scientific method, theory confirmation, falsification, paradigm shifts, and the demarcation problem from Popper to Kuhn.
Ethics & Political Philosophy ※
Moral Philosophy Foundations
Consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics, and moral relativism—comparing frameworks for ethical decision-making.
Social Contract Theory
Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Rawls on the origins of political legitimacy and justice in organized society.
Applied Ethics
Bioethics, environmental ethics, business ethics, and contemporary moral dilemmas using philosophical frameworks.
Metaphysics & Ontology ※
The Nature of Reality
Substance, causation, universals, possible worlds, and the fundamental structure of what exists.
Philosophy of Mind
The mind-body problem, consciousness, qualia, intentionality, and theories from dualism to functionalism.
Free Will & Determinism
Compatibilism, libertarianism, hard determinism, and the implications for moral responsibility and human agency.
Continental & Modern Philosophy ※
Kant's Critical Philosophy
The Critique of Pure Reason, transcendental idealism, synthetic a priori knowledge, and the Copernican revolution in philosophy.
Existentialism & Phenomenology
Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, and Camus on existence, authenticity, and the human condition.
Postmodernism & Critical Theory
Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze, and contemporary challenges to grand narratives, power structures, and meaning.